The acute effects are erythema and pigmentation.
Erythema, which prolonged exposure can become a real burn is determined by both UVB and UVA rays.
Given the high percentage of harmful rays in the solar spectrum, is assumed to be directly responsible for at least 15% of the erythematous reaction. Tanning (pigmentation) instead has a protective purpose, together with thickening of the epidermis: it is faster and less intense in its component due to UVA, the more durable component produced by UVB.
Long-term effects
Among the long-term effects should be mentioned depression skin immunity, damage to the dermal collagen and elastic fibers, accumulation of free radicals and the incidence of skin cancer in the last 30 years have witnessed a significant increase in malignant melanoma, for statistically doubling every 10 years.
Ultraviolet rays, particularly UVA can also cause allergic and toxic photo dermatitis based such as those occurring as a result of the concomitant recruitment to general or local application (topical) medications such as antibiotics, antihistamines, antidepressants, diuretics, inflammatory. Viral and immune diseases such as herpes simplex and systemic lupus worsen, or even in the case of the first, occur after exposure to the sun.
UVA radiation was once considered safe, compared to UVB which reach the earth in quantities of ten times higher and have the prerogative not to be arrested by ozone to pass through the glass and be emitted at a constant rate throughout the day.
The UVB rays are blocked by the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) while 50% of UVA radiation penetrates deep into skin to reach the dermis.
UVA, without causing burns and erythema as UVB, causing cumulative damage in cells with abnormalities in the DNA, reducing the number of cells that perform a protective function in the skin, latent inflammation of the dermis, alteration and modification of the skin itself. Any exposure to UV results in the progressive addition of damage cannot be assessed immediately, but responsible for long-term damage and irreversible. The damaging effects of UVA are many of them are basically the main due to premature aging, tumors, photosensitivity and photo dermatitis.
The tan is stimulated by UVB radiation, absorbing over 70% of UV rays, but becomes less effective with each passing year. There can also be negative effects.
In fact, when you delete the intense alarm signal represented by the sensation of burning and allows the individual sun exposure for longer periods. Burns but will not appear after years and chronic effects from exposure to UV radiation.
Protection must therefore be carried out even in the presence of tan.
Protect yourself from the sun means taking a series of precautionary and preventive measures, or rather take a behavior designed to minimize damage from exposure.
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